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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Toroidspule</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><p>Eine <b><a href="Toroid" title="Toroid">Toroid</a>spule</b>, auch <b>Kreisringspule</b>, <b>Ringspule</b> oder <b>Ringkernspule</b> genannt, ist in der <a href="Elektrotechnik" title="Elektrotechnik">Elektrotechnik</a> eine speziell geformte <a href="Spule_(Elektrotechnik)" title="Spule (Elektrotechnik)">Spule</a>, die aus einem <a href="Magnetkern" title="Magnetkern">Kern</a> in Form eines <a href="Kreisring" title="Kreisring">Kreisringes</a> besteht (einem <a href="Ringkern" title="Ringkern">Ringkern</a>), um den herum der <a href="Leiter_(Physik)" title="Leiter (Physik)">elektrische Leiter</a> <a href="Wicklung#Elektrotechnik" title="Wicklung">gewickelt</a> wird. Die Besonderheit dieser Bauform liegt darin, dass sich der <a href="Magnetischer_Fluss" title="Magnetischer Fluss">magnetische Fluss</a> fast ausschließlich im kreisförmigen Kern ausbreitet und das meist störende Streufeld im Außenraum der Kreisringspule vergleichsweise schwach ist.
</p><p>Prominente Beispiele für die großtechnische Anwendung von Toroidspulen sind <a href="Tokamak" title="Tokamak">Tokamaks</a> für die <a href="Fusionsforschung" class="mw-redirect" title="Fusionsforschung">Fusionsforschung</a> und der <a href="ATLAS_(Detektor)" title="ATLAS (Detektor)">ATLAS-Detektor</a> am <a href="CERN" title="CERN">CERN</a>.
</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ausführungsformen_und_Anwendungen"><span id="Ausf.C3.BChrungsformen_und_Anwendungen"></span>Ausführungsformen und Anwendungen</h2></div>

<p>Kreisringspulen werden vor allem in <a href="Filter_(Elektrotechnik)#Passive_Filter" title="Filter (Elektrotechnik)">passiven elektrischen Filtern</a> zur Unterdrückung unerwünschter hochfrequenter Störungen eingesetzt. Die Ausführung kann dabei als klassische <a href="Spule_(Elektrotechnik)" title="Spule (Elektrotechnik)">Spule</a> mit nur einem Leiter erfolgen; aber auch zwei oder mehr Leiter auf dem <a href="Spulenk%C3%B6rper" title="Spulenkörper">Spulenkörper</a> sind möglich.
</p><p>Um eine <a href="Ferromagnetismus#Sättigung" title="Ferromagnetismus">magnetische Sättigung</a> des Kerns zu vermeiden, sind entweder entsprechende <a href="Werkstoff" title="Werkstoff">Werkstoffe</a> als Kernmaterial notwendig, oder in den Kreisring wird künstlich ein <a href="Luftspalt_(Magnetismus)" title="Luftspalt (Magnetismus)">Luftspalt</a> eingebaut.
</p><p>Wird jedoch eine <a href="Drossel_(Elektrotechnik)" title="Drossel (Elektrotechnik)">Drossel</a> mit zwei oder mehr Wicklungen so betrieben, dass die Summe aller <a href="Elektrischer_Strom" title="Elektrischer Strom">Ströme</a> Null ist, so heben sich die einzelnen <a href="Magnetfeld" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnetfeld">Magnetfelder</a> auf, Sättigung wird vermieden, und man spricht von einer <a href="Drossel_(Elektrotechnik)#Stromkompensierte_Drosseln" title="Drossel (Elektrotechnik)">stromkompensierten Drossel</a>.
</p><p>Während eine Ringkerndrossel ohne Luftspalt (<a href="Pulverkern" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulverkern">Pulverkern</a>-Drosseln zählen <i>nicht</i> dazu) schon bei kleinen Strömen in Sättigung geht, kann man mit einer stromkompensierten Drossel hohe <a href="Induktivit%C3%A4t" title="Induktivität">Induktivitäten</a> zur <a href="Elektromagnetische_Vertr%C3%A4glichkeit" title="Elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit">EMV</a>-Filterung gegen <a href="Gleichtaktst%C3%B6rung" title="Gleichtaktstörung">Gleichtaktstörungen</a> erreichen, ohne dass der Kern in Sättigung gerät. Im <a href="Nutzsignal" title="Nutzsignal">Nutzsignal</a> bzw. Schaltungsstromkreis ist nur die <a href="Streuinduktivit%C3%A4t" class="mw-redirect" title="Streuinduktivität">Streuinduktivität</a> der Drossel sichtbar, die aber nur einen Bruchteil der Nenninduktivität beträgt.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Toroidspulen mit zwei oder mehr Wicklungen werden als wesentliches Bauelement auch in <a href="Fehlerstromschutzschalter" class="mw-redirect" title="Fehlerstromschutzschalter">Fehlerstromschutzschaltern</a> zur Erkennung eines <a href="Fehlerstrom" title="Fehlerstrom">Fehlerstromes</a> eingesetzt.
</p><p>Ein weiterer Einsatzbereich ist die Verwendung als <a href="Transformator" title="Transformator">Transformator</a>. Dabei wird die <a href="Elektrische_Spannung" title="Elektrische Spannung">Spannung</a> von einer Wicklung, der Primärseite, auf die zweite Wicklung, die Sekundärseite, übertragen. In dieser Anwendung darf der Kern keinen Luftspalt aufweisen. Siehe <a href="Ringkerntransformator" title="Ringkerntransformator">Ringkerntransformator</a>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Berechnung_der_Induktivität"><span id="Berechnung_der_Induktivit.C3.A4t"></span>Berechnung der Induktivität</h2></div>
<p>Die <a href="Induktivit%C3%A4t" title="Induktivität">Induktivität</a>&nbsp; <i>L</i> einer Toroidspule mit einer Wicklung mit <i>N</i>&nbsp;Windungen und einem rechteckigen Kern der Breite&nbsp;<i>b</i>, dem Innenradius&nbsp;<i>r</i> und dem Außenradius&nbsp;<i>R</i> lässt sich bei dünnem Draht näherungsweise mit folgender Formel berechnen:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle L=N^{2}\cdot {\frac {\mu _{0}\mu _{r}b}{2\pi }}\cdot \ln {\frac {R}{r}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>L</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
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<mi>N</mi>
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<mn>2</mn>
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<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
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<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
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</msub>
<msub>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
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</msub>
<mi>b</mi>
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<mn>2</mn>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
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<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>ln</mi>
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<mfrac>
<mi>R</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle L=N^{2}\cdot {\frac {\mu _{0}\mu _{r}b}{2\pi }}\cdot \ln {\frac {R}{r}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/fcc003c0d490228df7b46f99ee550f432a398e41.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:22.808ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle L=N^{2}\cdot {\frac {\mu _{0}\mu _{r}b}{2\pi }}\cdot \ln {\frac {R}{r}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Dabei ist
</p>
<ul><li><i>μ<sub>0</sub></i> die <a href="Magnetische_Feldkonstante" title="Magnetische Feldkonstante">magnetische Feldkonstante</a></li>
<li><i>μ<sub>r</sub></i> die <a href="Permeabilit%C3%A4tszahl" class="mw-redirect" title="Permeabilitätszahl">Permeabilitätszahl</a> des Kernmaterials.</li></ul>
<p>Statt der Radien können auch die entsprechenden Durchmesser eingesetzt werden.
</p><p>Wenn der relative Unterschied zwischen äußerem und innerem Radius des Ringes gering ist, der mittlere Radius mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r_{\mathrm {m} }=(R+r)/2}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>r</mi>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi>
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<mo>=</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>R</mi>
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<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>/</mo>
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<mn>2</mn>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r_{\mathrm {m} }=(R+r)/2}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/993f53ce59aabc9c5e5b2c6bedbf7c04b87f520a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:15.536ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r_{\mathrm {m} }=(R+r)/2}" loading="lazy"></span> und die Querschnittsfläche des Ringes mit&nbsp;<i>A</i> bezeichnet wird, so kann man die Induktivität der Ringspule näherungsweise berechnen zu:<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle L=N^{2}\cdot {\frac {\mu _{0}\mu _{r}A}{2\pi \,r_{\mathrm {m} }}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>L</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mi>N</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
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</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
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</msub>
<msub>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
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</msub>
<mi>A</mi>
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<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
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<mi>r</mi>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle L=N^{2}\cdot {\frac {\mu _{0}\mu _{r}A}{2\pi \,r_{\mathrm {m} }}}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bf39d7d955061a811a6a44d7a0b34a1a4d66b6f2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:16.948ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle L=N^{2}\cdot {\frac {\mu _{0}\mu _{r}A}{2\pi \,r_{\mathrm {m} }}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Wenn die Spule zusätzlich von einem Luftspalt der Länge <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle l}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>l</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle l}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/829091f745070b9eb97a80244129025440a1cfac.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.693ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle l}" loading="lazy"></span> unterbrochen wird, gilt
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle L=N^{2}\cdot {\frac {\mu _{0}\mu _{r}A}{2\pi r_{m}+l(\mu _{r}-1)}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>L</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mi>N</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
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</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
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<msub>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
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<msub>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
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</msub>
<mi>A</mi>
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<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>m</mi>
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</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>l</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
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<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
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</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle L=N^{2}\cdot {\frac {\mu _{0}\mu _{r}A}{2\pi r_{m}+l(\mu _{r}-1)}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/42b3f101aee155cca80faf5c6c9095d87bb80f22.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:27.313ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle L=N^{2}\cdot {\frac {\mu _{0}\mu _{r}A}{2\pi r_{m}+l(\mu _{r}-1)}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Magnetfelder_der_Toroidspule">Magnetfelder der Toroidspule</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Magnetisches_Feld_im_Inneren_der_Spule">Magnetisches Feld im Inneren der Spule</h3></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ohne_Luftspalt">Ohne Luftspalt</h4></div>
<p>Betrachtet man das Magnetfeld im Inneren einer Toroidspule mit geringem Durchmesser gegenüber ihrem Radius <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r_{m}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>m</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r_{m}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6d890e9041463a4a1cf563bf55f3943ca3b318d5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.724ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r_{m}}" loading="lazy"></span>, so lässt sich dieses mittels dem <a href="Amp%C3%A8resches_Gesetz" title="Ampèresches Gesetz">Ampèreschen Gesetz</a> herleiten. Man betrachte eine Toroidspule mit Umfang <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle U}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>U</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle U}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/458a728f53b9a0274f059cd695e067c430956025.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.783ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle U}" loading="lazy"></span>, Windungszahl <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle N}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>N</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle N}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f5e3890c981ae85503089652feb48b191b57aae3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.064ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle N}" loading="lazy"></span> und <a href="Elektrische_Stromst%C3%A4rke" title="Elektrische Stromstärke">Stromstärke</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/535ea7fc4134a31cbe2251d9d3511374bc41be9f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.172ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I}" loading="lazy"></span>:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \oint \limits _{U}{\vec {H}}\ {\text{d}}{\vec {s}}=I\ N}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<munder>
<mo>∮<!-- ∮ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>U</mi>
</mrow>
</munder>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>H</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>d</mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>I</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi>N</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \oint \limits _{U}{\vec {H}}\ {\text{d}}{\vec {s}}=I\ N}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2079d59f285ca86875cad0de2562a4816345653f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.005ex; margin-left: -0.02ex; width:14.675ex; height:7.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \oint \limits _{U}{\vec {H}}\ {\text{d}}{\vec {s}}=I\ N}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Da das <a href="Magnetische_Feldst%C3%A4rke" title="Magnetische Feldstärke"><i>H</i>-Feld</a> stets parallel zum Integrationsweg verläuft (Kreisform durch das Innere der Spule), ist das Skalarprodukt hier gleich dem Produkt der Beträge.
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Rightarrow H\cdot U=H\cdot 2\pi r_{m}=I\ N}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">⇒<!-- ⇒ --></mo>
<mi>H</mi>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>U</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>H</mi>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>m</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>I</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi>N</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Rightarrow H\cdot U=H\cdot 2\pi r_{m}=I\ N}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d1ac812954c6a29fdb5975df2fa04b4b648ac8c9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:27.468ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Rightarrow H\cdot U=H\cdot 2\pi r_{m}=I\ N}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>mit dem mittleren Radius <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r_{m}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>m</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r_{m}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6d890e9041463a4a1cf563bf55f3943ca3b318d5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.724ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r_{m}}" loading="lazy"></span> der Spule.
</p><p>Auflösen nach <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle H}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>H</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle H}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/75a9edddcca2f782014371f75dca39d7e13a9c1b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.064ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle H}" loading="lazy"></span> ergibt:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Rightarrow H={\frac {I\ N}{2\pi r_{m}}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">⇒<!-- ⇒ --></mo>
<mi>H</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>I</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi>N</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>m</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Rightarrow H={\frac {I\ N}{2\pi r_{m}}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0bcdb8bc2f0d8852457c75a508135f3b0385ae4a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:14.185ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Rightarrow H={\frac {I\ N}{2\pi r_{m}}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>bzw. die <a href="Magnetische_Flussdichte" title="Magnetische Flussdichte">magnetische Flussdichte</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B=\mu _{0}\mu _{r}{\frac {I\ N}{2\pi r_{m}}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>B</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>I</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi>N</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>m</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle B=\mu _{0}\mu _{r}{\frac {I\ N}{2\pi r_{m}}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1d9766d8b0ab7ac9c737fbc38dc10abdc2f85ba7.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:15.748ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B=\mu _{0}\mu _{r}{\frac {I\ N}{2\pi r_{m}}}}" loading="lazy"></span>, wenn man <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B=\mu _{0}\mu _{r}H}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>B</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mi>H</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle B=\mu _{0}\mu _{r}H}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b4d01dc0c751c528d1a2a924ea0011c3be47fcc6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:11.757ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B=\mu _{0}\mu _{r}H}" loading="lazy"></span> benutzt.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mit_Luftspalt">Mit Luftspalt</h4></div>
<p>Ist die Toroidspule durch einen Luftspalt unterbrochen, so wird aus obigem Zusammenhang ebenfalls mit dem <a href="Amp%C3%A8resches_Gesetz" title="Ampèresches Gesetz">Ampèreschen Gesetz</a> der Folgende:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Rightarrow H_{S}\cdot U'+H_{L}\cdot l=I\ N}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">⇒<!-- ⇒ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>H</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>S</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>U</mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>H</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>L</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>l</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>I</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi>N</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Rightarrow H_{S}\cdot U'+H_{L}\cdot l=I\ N}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/42c1a3d7e04876cc185c3b02b2db8d4d39e914f0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:25.808ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Rightarrow H_{S}\cdot U'+H_{L}\cdot l=I\ N}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>mit
</p>
<ul><li>dem Feld <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle H_{S}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>H</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>S</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle H_{S}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/99d62a9b4028878b7d67a1b7006d8db189350a20.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.224ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle H_{S}}" loading="lazy"></span> in der Spule der Länge <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle U'=2\pi r_{m}-l}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>U</mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>m</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>l</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle U'=2\pi r_{m}-l}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d17fd1d86d2fe9c9ba0f395175c0aa24622ef84f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:14.376ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle U'=2\pi r_{m}-l}" loading="lazy"></span></li>
<li>dem Feld <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle H_{L}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>H</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>L</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle H_{L}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c69b3a99f93f7f8f8f39aca4e38a4c6347163a51.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.283ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle H_{L}}" loading="lazy"></span> im Luftspalt der Länge <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle l}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>l</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle l}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/829091f745070b9eb97a80244129025440a1cfac.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.693ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle l}" loading="lazy"></span> .</li></ul>
<p>Ist nun <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle l\ll U'}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>l</mi>
<mo>≪<!-- ≪ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>U</mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle l\ll U'}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1e97b1ac1a35a3a2c610dc34e2bca806747331b9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.833ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle l\ll U'}" loading="lazy"></span> und vernachlässigt man die Streufelder an den Enden der Spule, so kann <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B_{S}\approx B_{L}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>B</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>S</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>≈<!-- ≈ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>B</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>L</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle B_{S}\approx B_{L}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5158b01f6c2918a07e2675a92adaa2bf0539b4a0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:9.27ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B_{S}\approx B_{L}}" loading="lazy"></span> gesetzt werden, weil sich beim <a href="Grenzbedingungen_(Elektrodynamik)" title="Grenzbedingungen (Elektrodynamik)">Übergang zwischen Materialien</a> die Normalkomponente des <a href="Magnetische_Flussdichte" title="Magnetische Flussdichte"><i>B</i>-Feldes</a> nicht ändert. Damit ergibt sich:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle H_{S}(2\pi r_{m}-l)+H_{L}\cdot l=B_{L}\left({\frac {2\pi r_{m}-l}{\mu _{0}\mu _{r}}}+{\frac {l}{\mu _{0}}}\right)=IN}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>H</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>S</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>m</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>l</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>H</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>L</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>l</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>B</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>L</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>m</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>l</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mi>l</mi>
<msub>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>I</mi>
<mi>N</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle H_{S}(2\pi r_{m}-l)+H_{L}\cdot l=B_{L}\left({\frac {2\pi r_{m}-l}{\mu _{0}\mu _{r}}}+{\frac {l}{\mu _{0}}}\right)=IN}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/511b9cd4003054cbc26777703e0deb3d2241e18d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:54.357ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle H_{S}(2\pi r_{m}-l)+H_{L}\cdot l=B_{L}\left({\frac {2\pi r_{m}-l}{\mu _{0}\mu _{r}}}+{\frac {l}{\mu _{0}}}\right)=IN}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>und somit für die magnetische Flussdichte <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B_{L}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>B</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>L</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle B_{L}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a85a23ba0c916fc12df4f97b7452954f9ce7cb1e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.116ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B_{L}}" loading="lazy"></span> im Luftspalt:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B_{L}={\frac {\mu _{0}IN}{{\frac {2\pi r_{m}-l}{\mu _{r}}}+l}}={\frac {\mu _{0}\mu _{r}IN}{2\pi r_{m}+l(\mu _{r}-1)}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>B</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>L</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mi>I</mi>
<mi>N</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>m</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>l</mi>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>l</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mi>I</mi>
<mi>N</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>m</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>l</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle B_{L}={\frac {\mu _{0}IN}{{\frac {2\pi r_{m}-l}{\mu _{r}}}+l}}={\frac {\mu _{0}\mu _{r}IN}{2\pi r_{m}+l(\mu _{r}-1)}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c05feae60471f0d3a47e815047975a1ce6161f30.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.005ex; width:37.904ex; height:7.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B_{L}={\frac {\mu _{0}IN}{{\frac {2\pi r_{m}-l}{\mu _{r}}}+l}}={\frac {\mu _{0}\mu _{r}IN}{2\pi r_{m}+l(\mu _{r}-1)}}}" loading="lazy"></span><sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Magnetisches_Feld_außerhalb_der_Spule"><span id="Magnetisches_Feld_au.C3.9Ferhalb_der_Spule"></span>Magnetisches Feld außerhalb der Spule</h3></div>
<p>Außerhalb der Spule kann man die Toroidspule wegen ihrer Kreisform vereinfacht als <a href="Leiterschleife" title="Leiterschleife">Leiterschleife</a> mit dem Radius <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r_{m}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>m</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r_{m}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6d890e9041463a4a1cf563bf55f3943ca3b318d5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.724ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r_{m}}" loading="lazy"></span> betrachten.
</p><p>Für eine Gerade, die senkrecht zu der von der Toroidspule umlaufenen Kreisfläche steht und durch deren Mittelpunkt läuft, gilt:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B(z)={\frac {\mu _{0}I}{2}}\,{\frac {r_{m}^{2}}{\left(r_{m}^{2}+z^{2}\right)^{3/2}}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>B</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mi>I</mi>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msubsup>
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>m</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msubsup>
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>m</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>+</mo>
<msup>
<mi>z</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>/</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle B(z)={\frac {\mu _{0}I}{2}}\,{\frac {r_{m}^{2}}{\left(r_{m}^{2}+z^{2}\right)^{3/2}}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/477d555d7001491d0e1998777436b567c6a2b666.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.671ex; width:25.984ex; height:7.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B(z)={\frac {\mu _{0}I}{2}}\,{\frac {r_{m}^{2}}{\left(r_{m}^{2}+z^{2}\right)^{3/2}}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>wobei <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle z}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>z</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle z}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bf368e72c009decd9b6686ee84a375632e11de98.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.088ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle z}" loading="lazy"></span> den Abstand von der <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Z}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>Z</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Z}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1cc6b75e09a8aa3f04d8584b11db534f88fb56bd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.68ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Z}" loading="lazy"></span>-Achse beschreibt, falls die Toroidspule im Ursprung in der <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle X}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>X</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle X}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/68baa052181f707c662844a465bfeeb135e82bab.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.98ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle X}" loading="lazy"></span>-<span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Y}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>Y</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Y}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/961d67d6b454b4df2301ac571808a3538b3a6d3f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.171ex; width:1.773ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Y}" loading="lazy"></span>-Ebene eines 3-dimensionalen <a href="Kartesisches_Koordinatensystem" title="Kartesisches Koordinatensystem">kartesischen Koordinatensystems</a> liegt.
</p><p>Insbesondere gilt dann für den Mittelpunkt (also für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle z=0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>z</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle z=0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b92bfc06485cc90286474b14a516a68d8bfdd7b3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.349ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle z=0}" loading="lazy"></span>):
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B(0)={\frac {\mu _{0}I}{2r_{m}}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>B</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mi>I</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
<msub>
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>m</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle B(0)={\frac {\mu _{0}I}{2r_{m}}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c02c9457284ed55185c6df3d933824c484064c23.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:12.556ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B(0)={\frac {\mu _{0}I}{2r_{m}}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Siehe_auch">Siehe auch</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Ferritkern" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferritkern">Ferritkern</a></li>
<li><a href="Zylinderspule" title="Zylinderspule">Zylinderspule</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Quellen">Quellen</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.epcos.com/web/generator/Web/Sections/ProductCatalog/InductorsEMCFilters/Chokes/ChokesPowerLines/PDF/PDF__CurrentCompensatedChokes,property=Data__en.pdf;/PDF_CurrentCompensatedChokes.pdf">EPCOS AG, "Power line chokes: Current-compensated ring core chokes", Data Book "Inductors" 2008</a> (englisch)</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Karl_K%C3%BCpfm%C3%BCller" title="Karl Küpfmüller">Karl Küpfmüller</a>: <i>Einführung in die theoretische Elektrotechnik.</i> 13. Auflage, 1990, Springer-Verlag.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">N. Fliege, Universität Mannheim: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://et.ti.uni-mannheim.de/content/lehre/et1.php">Vorlesung Elektrotechnik I</a>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r261891140">
/* start https://de.wikipedia.org/ */


.mw-parser-output .webarchiv-memento a{color:inherit}


/* end https://de.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060504091107/http://et.ti.uni-mannheim.de/content/lehre/et1/skript/et02.pdf"><i>Kapitel 2: Elektrische Bauelemente und Netzwerke</i></a> (<span class="webarchiv-memento"><a href="Webarchivierung#Begrifflichkeiten" title="Webarchivierung">Memento</a></span> vom 4. Mai 2006 im <i><a href="Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></i>) (PDF, 1,5&nbsp;MB).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">P. Weiß, Universität Kaiserslautern: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070613042126/http://www.eit.uni-kl.de/weiss/get/get.pdf">Skript zur Vorlesung Grundlagen der Elektrotechnik</a> (<span class="webarchiv-memento"><a href="Webarchivierung#Begrifflichkeiten" title="Webarchivierung">Memento</a></span> des <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r250917974">
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.mw-parser-output .dewiki-iconexternal>a{background-position:center right!important;background-repeat:no-repeat!important}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .dewiki-iconexternal>a{background-image:url("./_mw_/OOjs_UI_icon_external-link-ltr-progressive.svg")!important;background-size:10px!important;padding-right:13px!important}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .dewiki-iconexternal>a,body.skin-monobook .mw-parser-output .dewiki-iconexternal>a{background-image:url("./_mw_/MediaWiki_external_link_icon.svg")!important;padding-right:13px!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output .dewiki-iconexternal>a{background-image:url("./_mw_/Link.ernal-small-ltr-progressive.svg")!important;background-size:0.857em!important;padding-right:1em!important}


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</style><span class="dewiki-iconexternal"><a class="external text" href="https://redirecter.toolforge.org/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eit.uni-kl.de%2Fweiss%2Fget%2Fget.pdf">Originals</a></span> vom 13. Juni 2007 im <i><a href="Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></i>) <small class="archiv-bot"><span class="wp_boppel noviewer" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="i"></span></span></span>&nbsp;<b>Info:</b> Der Archivlink wurde automatisch eingesetzt und noch nicht geprüft. Bitte prüfe Original- und Archivlink gemäß Anleitung und entferne dann diesen Hinweis.</small><span style="display:none"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://IABotmemento.invalid/http://www.eit.uni-kl.de/weiss/get/get.pdf">@1</a></span><span style="display:none"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eit.uni-kl.de/weiss/get/get.pdf">@2</a></span><span style="display:none">Vorlage:Webachiv/IABot/www.eit.uni-kl.de</span> (PDF, 4,9&nbsp;MB).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://people.physik.hu-berlin.de/~mitdank/dist/scripten/toroid.htm"><i>Das Magnetfeld eines Toroiden.</i></a><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 20.&nbsp;Juli 2020</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AToroidspule&amp;rft.title=Das+Magnetfeld+eines+Toroiden&amp;rft.description=Das+Magnetfeld+eines+Toroiden&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fpeople.physik.hu-berlin.de%2F%7Emitdank%2Fdist%2Fscripten%2Ftoroid.htm">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:0-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Wolfgang_Demtr%C3%B6der" title="Wolfgang Demtröder">Wolfgang Demtröder</a>: <cite style="font-style:italic">Experimentalphysik 2. Elektrizität und Optik</cite>. 7. Auflage. Springer-Verlag, 2017, ISBN 978-3-662-55789-1, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>110</span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Toroidspule&amp;rft.au=Wolfgang+Demtr%C3%B6der&amp;rft.btitle=Experimentalphysik+2.+Elektrizit%C3%A4t+und+Optik&amp;rft.date=2017&amp;rft.edition=7&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9783662557891&amp;rft.pages=110&amp;rft.pub=Springer-Verlag" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
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